Tiktok, Budaya Visual Kontemporer: Sejarah Spectacle Hiburan Populer
Main Article Content
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi posisi TikTok sebagai manifestasi kontemporer dari budaya visual yang menghidupkan kembali praktik hiburan populer awal dalam format digital. Meskipun budaya populer sering dianggap marginal dibandingkan media arus utama seperti televisi dan sinema, TikTok berhasil mendisrupsi pola konsumsi konten melalui integrasi teknologi kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan algoritma For You Page (FYP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif (desk study) dengan meninjau sejarah tontonan populer di Indonesia, mulai dari tradisi wayang dan layar tancep hingga era digital abad ke-21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TikTok telah mendorong transformasi konsep "masyarakat spektakel" Guy Debord menuju era "Spectacle 2.0". Dalam ekosistem ini, spektakel tidak lagi bersifat statis dan searah, melainkan berubah menjadi aliran citra (image-flow) yang partisipatif, hiper-fragmentasi, dan terdatafikasi. Melalui fitur video vertikal yang intim, TikTok meradikalisasi silsilah budaya layar dengan mengaburkan batas antara subjek pelihat dan objek yang dilihat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa TikTok bukan sekadar anomali media, melainkan infrastruktur sosial baru yang mengorganisasi identitas, politik, dan pengetahuan melalui stimulasi visual yang berlanjut. Fenomena ini menandai pergeseran di mana visibilitas algoritmik menjadi instrumen kekuasaan baru dalam kebudayaan digital global
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Debord, G. (1970). SOCIETY OF THE SPECTACLE. Michigan: Black and Red.
Darley, A. (2000). Visual Digital Culture: Surface play and spectacle in new media genres. London and NewYork: Routledge.
Clarke, S. (1983). The Annals of Conjuring. New York: Magico.
Barnouw, E. (1981). The Magician an The Cinema. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Armano, E., & Briziarelli, M. (2017). The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Bautista, P. S., Lopez, N. A., & Giacomelli, F. (2021). Fact-checking in TikTok. Communication and narrative forms to combat misinformation. Revista Latina de Communicacion Social, 87-113.
Braun, L., & Mateus, A. (2024). Contemporary Ethnographic Aesthetics: The TikTok Turn. Visual Anthropology, 37, 195 - 211
Burch, N. (1978). Porter or Ambivalence. Screen, 91-105.
Cao, H. (2025). Exploring the promotion of musical intangible cultural heritage under TikTok short videos. Scientific Reports, 15
Firth, E., & Marinelli, A. (2025). Datacasting: TikTok’s Algorithmic Flow as Televisual Experience. Media and Communication
Hrudka, O. (2024). Spectacle in Web 2.0: Contemporary Social Media and Guy Debord’s Concept of the Society of the Spectacle. NaUKMA Research Papers. History and Theory of Culture
Husna, L., Ichsan, Y., Amadea, N., Nasekha, D., & Purwitasari, A. (2025). Dakwah Digital: Urgensi TikTok sebagai Media Dakwah Bagi Generasi Z. Dirasat Islamiah: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman.
Kellner, D. (2004). Media Culture and the Triumph of the Spectacle. Razón y Palabra, 3. https://doi.org/10.32855/fcapital.200501.004.
Lee, J., & Abidin, C. (2023). Introduction to the Special Issue of “TikTok and Social Movements”. Social Media + Society, 9.
Li, X., Xiaohui, Y., & Zhengwu, Z. (2019). Research on the causes of the "TikTok" app becoming popular and the existing problems. Journal of advances management science, 59-63.
Lin, J., Swart, J., & Zeng, G. (2023). Theorising TikTok cultures: Neuro-images in the era of short videos. Media, Culture & Society, 45, 1550 - 1567. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231202167.
Mihailidis, P., & Viotty, S. (2017). Spreadable Spectacle in Digital Culture: Civic Expression, Fake News, and the Role of Media Literacies in “Post-Fact” Society. American Behavioral Scientist, 61, 441 - 454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217701217.
Morelock, J., & Narita, F. (2021). Communication Technologies and the History of the Spectacle. The Society of the Selfie: Social Media and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy
Namara, B. M. (1974). Introduction and The Scenography of Popular Entertainment. The Drama Revuew: Popular Entertainment, 16-24.
Nie, X. (2023). The Dissemination and Influence of Visual Culture, Taking TikTok as an Example. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/2022490.
Pyshchyk, S. (2024). NETWORK CULTURE AS A MODUS OF MASS CULTURE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY. Politology bulletin. https://doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2024.93.23-35.
Rapkin, M. (2017, November 1). The social media platform that has GenZ obsessed. Retrieved from Wall Street Journal Magazine: https://on.wjsn.com/2YVWhZj
Ramati, I., & Abeliovich, R. (2022). Use this sound: Networked ventriloquism on Yiddish TikTok. New Media & Society, 26, 5359 - 5378
Roberts, D. (2003). Towards a Genealogy and Typology of Spectacle. Thesis Eleven, 75, 54 - 68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513603751005.
Sallaku, K., Ta, T., Simillidou, A., & Christofi, M. (2025). Co-creating cultural narratives. TikTok’s role in enhancing museum engagement. Journal of Asia Business Studies.
Sidorenko, B., Herranz , P., & Cantero , M. (2020). Use of new narratives for Covid-19 reporting: from 360 videos to ephemeral TikTok videos in online media. Tripods, 105-122
Stahl, C., & Literat, I. (2022). #GenZ on TikTok: the collective online self-Portrait of the social media generation. Journal of Youth Studies, 26, 925 - 946.
Syamsi, V. (2024). Spectocurrency: War Spectacle in Social Media. k@ta
Tan, T., Yan, Y., Yuan, X., & Gao, Z. (2025). Shaping Sustainable Futures on TikTok? Media Literacy, Youth Education and the SDGs. European Journal of Education.
Vázquez-Herrero, J., Negreira-Rey, M., & López-García, X. (2020). Let’s dance the news! How the news media are adapting to the logic of TikTok. Journalism, 23, 1717 - 1735.
Wang, X., & Yan, R. (2025). From TikTok Note Me to the Communication of Traditional Culture: Cultural Negotiation and Value Reconstruction under the Logic of Entertainment. Communications in Humanities Research.
Zeng, J., Abidin, C., & Schäfer, M. (2021). Research perspectives on TikTok and its legacy apps: introduction. International Journal of Communication, 15, 3161-3172. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-205427.